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UK: What if a policeman wants to smoke cannabis?

Fraser Sampson

The Times

Tuesday 10 Feb 2004

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A fug of confusion surrounds the reclassification of the drug - among the
police and the public

IF ANY law is to be effective, it must have clarity, certainty and
cohesiveness. Regrettably in the case of the reclassification of cannabis
from B to C the most appropriate "c" word is confusion.

The confusion among the public about what does and does not constitute a
criminal offence after the reclassification of cannabis under the Misuse of
Drug Regulations last month has been well documented. To try to clarify the
position the Government has launched a UKP1 million advertising campaign to
hammer home the point that possessing cannabis remains illegal.

At the same time police chiefs have increased their efforts to explain the
changed legal position of cannabis to their officers. Of 70,000 offences of
illegal drug possession in England and Wales each year, about 75 per cent
are for cannabis.

The numbers help to explain the rationale behind the move. It is partly to
reflect changing social attitudes but also to free police time to
concentrate their efforts on the more serious "hard" drugs such as heroin
and crack cocaine.

Some senior officers are predicting a series of legal actions as cannabis
users contest decisions to arrest them instead of issuing oral warnings.

Police forces are following advice from the Association of Chief Police
Officers (ACPO) on when users should be arrested, but the wording is
sufficiently vague to be interpreted in different ways by different forces.

According to a survey reported in The Times, police officers are being
encouraged to use their extended discretion to issue the offender with an
on-the-spot oral warning although the exceptions to the "presumption
against arrest" have caused difficulties for many forces.

There is much confusion, for instance, about what is meant by smoking
cannabis "in public view", for which a person could be arrested. Does it
mean being spotted through a window at home, or on a deserted street at night?

In England and Wales the presumption will be that anyone aged 18 or over
caught with a small amount will not be arrested but that anyone aged 17 or
under will be.

However, there is one important area where the impact of the change to the
regulations has been overlooked. And it is one that may well dictate the
success or otherwise of the initiative. What happens to an off-duty police
officer caught in possession of cannabis for his or her personal use? Under
present procedures in the Police Code of Conduct he or she faces the
prospect of dismissal, a punishment far in excess of that likely to be
imposed on members of the public.

Is this fair? Is this wise? The code of conduct says that offduty behaviour
should be judged against the prevailing standards of the day. This will be
the officer's defence. But a police officer caught in this way will have
committed an offence. Will chief officers regard possession so liberally
when he or she is one of their own? I don't believe that they will and an
officer will still face dismissal.

Doubtless, chief officers will make the case that anyone found with the
drug must have bought it from someone and that person is, by definition, a
dealer, however low down the chain. They will argue that involvement with
drug dealers means engaging with a much broader and more serious spectrum
of criminality, something that is not acceptable in an officer of the law.

Reclassification is principally a matter for sentencing, rather like
setting the number of points you can get on your licence for speeding. As
such it is a political, more than a policing, decision. There is a world of
difference between labelling and legalisation.

The acid test of just how far this change in the law represents a real
change in attitude towards casual drug use will be seen as soon as a police
officer is found in possession of a small quantity of cannabis.

For some time, police officers have lived with the knowledge that if
convicted of a drinkdriving offence they will be dismissed. Only last month
ACPO announced a similarly uncompromising approach with officers involved
in incidents of domestic violence.

But such an inflexible approach does not work. In the case of drink-driving
offences off duty, for example, it has resulted in unfairness,
inconsistency and protracted litigation. We are acting for a number of
police officers who have lost their jobs in this way.

In the case of cannabis reclassification, the Government has introduced a
change that is, frankly, daft. It should either have been completely
decriminalised or the law should have been left as it was.

What we have now is a confused public and, worse, more than 45 confused
police forces. And that can only spell trouble.


The author is a solicitor in the employment group at Walker Morris and a
former police superintendent with 18 years' experience. He is also an
author and series editor of the Blackstone's Police Manuals, Britain's
best-selling police reference books, and an authority on police law.

 

 

 

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